| No items matching your keywords were found. |
 |
| Nd:YAG HR laser mirror 1064nm 40 mm diameter | |
 | $45.00 Time Remaining: 1d 7h 2m |
| X+Y Scan Galvo Mirror for YAG 1064nm Laser Scanner Scanning AR Coating Plated | |
 | $239.45 Time Remaining: 29d 18h 18m Buy It Now for only: $239.45 |
| 20mm 1064nm ND:YAG Laser Reflective Mirror Reflector Engraver Cutter Marker | |
 | $19.00 Time Remaining: 18d 19h 31m Buy It Now for only: $19.00 |
| ND:YAG 1064nm Laser Protective Mirror Windows Engraving Cutting AR Coating | |
 | $28.00 Time Remaining: 11d 20h 28m Buy It Now for only: $28.00 |
| 20mm 1064nm Reflective Mirror Total Reflector for YAG Laser Engraver Cutter | |
 | $19.00 Time Remaining: 11d 20h 36m Buy It Now for only: $19.00 |
| Laser reflective mirror/lens φ30mm 45°HR@1064nm for YAG/Diode/fiber laser | |
 | $36.00 Time Remaining: 15d 21h 15m Buy It Now for only: $36.00 |
| Erbium YAG Er:YAG 2.94um Rear Mirror (HR) for Sharplan / Lumenis Laser 0.5" Dia | |
 | $79.00 Time Remaining: 16d 9h 18m Buy It Now for only: $79.00 |
| Laser reflective mirror/lens φ20mm HR@1064nm for YAG/Diode/fiber laser mark/cut | |
 | $30.00 Time Remaining: 15d 21h 15m Buy It Now for only: $30.00 |
| Nd:YAG Nd YAG Laser HR (Rear) Cavity Mirror 1064nm 1.06um 0.5" Dia x 0.38" thk | |
 | $49.00 Time Remaining: 15d 1h 49m Buy It Now for only: $49.00 |
| YAG 1064nm Laser Protective Mirror Windows Lens f Welder Engraver Cutter Marker | |
 | $29.90 Time Remaining: 11d 20h 28m Buy It Now for only: $29.90 |
Yag Laser Mirror
Physics questions... Please help.?
Hi, here are the questions I have, and I have no idea on how to answer them, any help would be greatly appreciated, thanks!
1.a YAG laser has a frequency of 2.8E14, what is its wavelenght?
2. What is the frequency of light that has a wavelength of 480nm
3. an object is located 1.8m from a plane mirror, how far is the image away from the object
4. what is the critical angle for dimond submerged in water?
5. what is the index of refraction of an object in wich light travells at 1.97e6
Thanks, the ansers to these questions would be really appreciated.
The relationship between frequency f, wavelength λ, and velocity c for light is
f λ = c
Use that to solve (1) and (2).
The image distance for a plane mirror is equal to the object distance.
The index of refraction of diamond is about 2.42 and that of water is about 1.33. The critical angle is computed as
arc-sin ( 1.33 / 2.42 )
Index of refraction is the ratio of the speed of light within a medium, v, to the speed of light in a vacuum, c:
n = v / c
Plug in v and c and solve for n.
| No items matching your keywords were found. |
|
| Nd:YAG HR laser mirror 1064nm 40 mm diameter | |
| $45.00 Time Remaining: 1d 7h 2m |
| X+Y Scan Galvo Mirror for YAG 1064nm Laser Scanner Scanning AR Coating Plated | |
| $239.45 Time Remaining: 29d 18h 18m Buy It Now for only: $239.45 |
| 20mm 1064nm ND:YAG Laser Reflective Mirror Reflector Engraver Cutter Marker | |
| $19.00 Time Remaining: 18d 19h 31m Buy It Now for only: $19.00 |
| ND:YAG 1064nm Laser Protective Mirror Windows Engraving Cutting AR Coating | |
| $28.00 Time Remaining: 11d 20h 28m Buy It Now for only: $28.00 |
| 20mm 1064nm Reflective Mirror Total Reflector for YAG Laser Engraver Cutter | |
| $19.00 Time Remaining: 11d 20h 36m Buy It Now for only: $19.00 |
| Laser reflective mirror/lens φ30mm 45°HR@1064nm for YAG/Diode/fiber laser | |
| $36.00 Time Remaining: 15d 21h 15m Buy It Now for only: $36.00 |
| Erbium YAG Er:YAG 2.94um Rear Mirror (HR) for Sharplan / Lumenis Laser 0.5" Dia | |
| $79.00 Time Remaining: 16d 9h 18m Buy It Now for only: $79.00 |
| Laser reflective mirror/lens φ20mm HR@1064nm for YAG/Diode/fiber laser mark/cut | |
| $30.00 Time Remaining: 15d 21h 15m Buy It Now for only: $30.00 |
| Nd:YAG Nd YAG Laser HR (Rear) Cavity Mirror 1064nm 1.06um 0.5" Dia x 0.38" thk | |
| $49.00 Time Remaining: 15d 1h 49m Buy It Now for only: $49.00 |
| YAG 1064nm Laser Protective Mirror Windows Lens f Welder Engraver Cutter Marker | |
| $29.90 Time Remaining: 11d 20h 28m Buy It Now for only: $29.90 |
| No items matching your keywords were found. |
|
| Nd:YAG HR laser mirror 1064nm 40 mm diameter | |
| $45.00 Time Remaining: 1d 7h 2m |
| X+Y Scan Galvo Mirror for YAG 1064nm Laser Scanner Scanning AR Coating Plated | |
| $239.45 Time Remaining: 29d 18h 18m Buy It Now for only: $239.45 |
| CVI Melles: Nd: YAG Laser Mirrors Box of 3 new, RMAX 1064nm, 12.7mm Y1-0537-0 | |
 | $105.00 Time Remaining: 15d 8h 49m Buy It Now for only: $105.00 |
| 20mm 1064nm ND:YAG Laser Reflective Mirror Reflector Engraver Cutter Marker | |
| $19.00 Time Remaining: 18d 19h 31m Buy It Now for only: $19.00 |
| CVI Y3-1025-45-UNP YAG Laser Mirror | |
 | $125.00 Time Remaining: 4d 15h 33m Buy It Now for only: $125.00 |
| YAG KTP 1064nm NEWPORT 50.8mm DIA LASER MIRROR REFLECTOR OPTIC NEW 0-45 DEGREE | |
 | $39.00 Time Remaining: 3d 12h 27m |
| CO2 / YAG high power Laser hollow reflector 180 degrees Mirror angle | |
 | $80.00 Time Remaining: 4d 21h 8m Buy It Now for only: $80.00 |
| ND:YAG 1064nm Laser Protective Mirror Windows Engraving Cutting AR Coating | |
| $28.00 Time Remaining: 11d 20h 28m Buy It Now for only: $28.00 |
| 20mm 1064nm Reflective Mirror Total Reflector for YAG Laser Engraver Cutter | |
| $19.00 Time Remaining: 11d 20h 36m Buy It Now for only: $19.00 |
| CVI / Melles: 1" Nd:YAG Laser Mirror Part # Y1-1037-0-3.00CX ($258) Very Nice! | |
 | $105.00 Time Remaining: 22d 11h 22m Buy It Now for only: $105.00 |
| HIGH POWER COPPER 3MVX CO2/YAG LASER COLLIMANTION 3.0M CONVEX OPTICAL MIRROR | |
 | $45.00 Time Remaining: 9d 18h 28m Buy It Now for only: $134.00 |
| CVI / Melles: 1" Nd:YAG Laser Mirror Part # Y1-1037-0-1.50cx ($258) Very Nice! | |
 | $105.00 Time Remaining: 23d 6h 31m Buy It Now for only: $105.00 |
| Laser reflective mirror/lens φ30mm 45°HR@1064nm for YAG/Diode/fiber laser | |
| $36.00 Time Remaining: 15d 21h 15m Buy It Now for only: $36.00 |
| Erbium YAG Er:YAG 2.94um Rear Mirror (HR) for Sharplan / Lumenis Laser 0.5" Dia | |
| $79.00 Time Remaining: 16d 9h 18m Buy It Now for only: $79.00 |
| Laser reflective mirror/lens φ20mm HR@1064nm for YAG/Diode/fiber laser mark/cut | |
| $30.00 Time Remaining: 15d 21h 15m Buy It Now for only: $30.00 |
| | Advances in ND : YAG Laser Surgery $312.98 No Synopsis Available |
| | Neodymium : YAG Laser in Medicine and Surgery $82.88 No Synopsis Available |
| | Yag Training Vessels $68.51 High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles YAG (Yard Auxiliary, General) training vessels are wooden boats built between 1954 and 1958, and based at CFB Esquimalt in Esquimalt, British Columbia, Canada. The vessels are used for training Canadian Forces regular naval officers, naval reservists, and members of the Royal Canadian Sea Cadets in basic seamanship, vessel handling, and navigation. According to the Department of National Defence, in 2000, a total of 1830 personnel were deployed on the YAGs for a total of 585 days and steamed over 25,000 nautical miles (46,000 km) in support of training. YAGs displace 70 tonnes, and are divided into five major belowdecks compartments: right forward, a chain locker, then the forward cabin, containing the galley, one of the heads (washrooms) and the officers eating and sleeping areas, as well as the gyroscopic (gyro) compass. Author: Surhone, Lambert M./ Timpledon, Miriam T./ Marseken, Susan F. Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 80 Publication Date: 2010/07/05 Language: English Dimensions: 5.98 x 9.01 x 0.19 inches |
| | Laser Bonding $71.7 Laser bonding is a marking technique that uses lasers and other forms of radiant energy to bond an additive marking substance to a wide range of substrates. Invented in 1997, this patent protected technology delivers permanent marks on metals, glass and ceramic parts for a diverse range of industrial and manual applications, ranging from aerospace to the awards engraving industries. It differs from the more widely known techniques of laser engraving and laser ablation in that it is an additive process, adding material to the substrate to form the marking instead of removing it as in those techniques. For metals, parts can be permanently marked with high contrast, high resolution marks for logos, barcoding, identification and serialization purposes, without damage to the substrate. With glass and ceramics, complex surfaces can be decorated or marked and the traditional firing process replaced by a laser, with its permanent bond fired on in seconds. Laser bonding has been achieved by Nd:YAG, CO2 laser, Fiber laser and Diodepumped solidstate laser and can be made by other forms of radiant energy. Laser bonding is often referred to as CerMark, CerMarked, or CerMarking Author: Miller, Frederic P./ Vandome, Agnes F./ McBrewster, John Binding Type: Paperback Number of Pages: 92 Publication Date: 2010/04/23 Language: English Dimensions: 9.02 x 5.98 x 0.22 inches |
| | Used Omnisistem Tunnel Diamond Cut Laser Mirror 042112 $199.99 In Store Used USED OMNISISTEM TUNNEL DIAMOND CUT LASER MIRROR 042112 |
| | Used Omnisistem Diamond Cut Laser Refraction Mirror 042112 $49.99 In Store Used USED OMNISISTEM DIAMOND CUT LASER REFRACTION MIRROR 042112 |
| | Used Omnisistem Diamond Cut 4In Laser Mirror 042112 $49.99 In Store Used USED OMNISISTEM DIAMOND CUT 4IN LASER MIRROR 042112 |
| | Used Omnisistem Diamond Cut Fractal Laser Mirror 042112 $99.99 In Store Used USED OMNISISTEM DIAMOND CUT FRACTAL LASER MIRROR 042112 |
| Account limit of 2104 requests per hour exceeded. |
aires 125 laser experiment
What New Fibre Laser Welding Techniques Can Do
A fuel cell is an electro chemical energy conversion device, which produces electricity from external supplies of fuel (on the anode side) and oxidant (on the cathode side). These react in the presence of an electrolyte to produce energy.
Since a typical fuel cell produces less than one volt, in practical application cells are 'stacked' in parallel to create a useful voltage. Thus a typical fuel cell is made up of many thin sheets, usually of stainless steel, which must be welded together to form the fuel cell stack.
Welding of the plates is by far the most time consuming process involved in the manufacture of fuel cells - there is about one meter of welding required for every single plate in every single fuel cell stack - that is about 400m of welding for each eco-car. Optimising the welding process offers the opportunity to make significant savings in the cost of production of fuel cells.
The issues here are all related to the difficulty of achieving a small, clean, reliable weld at viable production speeds using traditional laser welding techniques. To solve these problems, the leading-edge manufacturers are now looking to fibre laser welding technology.
The key advantages of fibre lasers over other laser technologies are its high beam quality, energy & power stability, giving higher power density and a greater breadth of control, as well as its low total cost of ownership. The high beam quality of the fibre laser enables the beam to be focused to a small spot with a correspondingly high energy density. This enables very fast and efficient processing, yielding welds with a high aspect ratio. Compared with other laser sources, the fibre laser can produce welds with significantly lower heat input resulting in less distortion of the welded plates. The high energy stability, typically +/-0.5%, gives welds of consistent profile and penetration with extremely low levels of weld root porosity.
It is recognised that other laser technologies are capable of making such welds, but the fibre laser offers a solution that welds faster with higher quality at a lower operational running cost. "We believe that the cost-performance capability of a standard 200W fibre laser will act as an enabling technology in the battle to drive down production costs of tomorrows fuel cells" said John Tinson.
The fuel cell plate requires a high aspect ratio weld (typically 3:1 or 4:1) in order minimise heat input to the plate and keep distortion to an acceptable level. The beauty of the fibre laser is that it readily achieves this with spot sizes of less than 200 m. As a result, distortion of the plates, a potentially cumulative problem when the plates are stacked, can be minimised.
Metallographic analysis of 'key-hole' and high aspect ratio welds often reveals problems with weld porosity, particularly in the root of the weld. In the fuel cell application the integrity of the weld is vitally important and a fully hermetic seal is a prime requirement. A poor quality weld could lead to serious performance problems over the life of the fuel cell, or even leakage of hydrogen or other fluids. Experience has shown that the fibre laser, with its exceptionally high power density at the work-piece, is particularly good producing consistently reliable, non-porous welds.
Another problem noted by some manufacturers using YAG or CO2 lasers is the possibility of 'humping' of the weld, when the laser is operated at high production speeds. This is the phenomenon whereby the inherent fluid instability of the melt pool at high weld speed creates a 'hump'. It is seen as a problem by some manufacturers because it can limit production speed, but it is not a problem with a standard 200W fibre laser, even at speeds of up to five or six metres / minute it can produce over 2,500km of weld per annum.
In a production environment fibre lasers have a reputation from extremely high up times and have no operational consumables, unlike other laser sources such as Nd:YAG lasers that require a periodic change of flash lamps or CO2 lasers which need supply of consumable gases. Additionally the high electrical efficiency of fibre lasers - up to ten times more efficient in power consumption than Nd:YAG equivalents mean that they offer significantly lower running costs. They can be used for welding 'on demand' unlike some other types of lasers with no need for warm-up, further reducing energy consumption and run through scrap. As fibre lasers are sealed units with no lamps that need changing or mirrors to realign, they have a very low maintenance overhead, yielding savings of thousands of £ per annum per laser.
Fibre lasers offer fuel cell manufacturers an attractive "green manufacturing" technology, providing high productivity / high integrity welding with low operating costs for this critical application.
Results from leading manufacturers in this field show that fibre laser welding will play a significant role in tipping the balance for fuel cell technology from a 'promising idea' to a serious commercial solution to the world's energy-usage problems.
About the Author
Read about almond diet and almond plant at the Almond Nutrition website.
