Laser Cutting Rc

Stealing chemicals with RC-Car and Self-made atomic bomb?

Hi! I'm looking from a movie. I don't remember too much, but there was a young guy, who made an atomic bomb at home. He stealed from a laboratory radioactive elements with an RC-car. He cut the wall with a big, red laser. Any idea?
It's a comedy, I think made between 1980 and 1995.

I think I know what movie you are talking about. I'll give you an idea of a guy in the movie, he plays the dad- John Lithgow. I can't remember the title of the movie either though, but I know an actor in it. The kid (who is a teen) gets the chemicals from his dad's work (like some government agency) and makes it as a science project I believe. Hope that helps anyone who needs extra info.

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CMP P40 Warhawk 50 - 54" Nitro Gas ARF Radio Remote Controlled RC Airplane RC "Tiger Shark" Plane $139 This P40 Warhawk has a fiberglass fuselage and cowl painted in vague colors. The rib wings are covered with Solartex and airbrushed to match the color of the whole aircraft. The wood that makes up both the wings and the fuselage are all laser cut. The high precision of fiberglass and fine painting work make this kit an extremely realistic aircraft. It is a perfect combination between scale looks and excellent flying performance. The kit comes with a full color decal sheet, wheels and a fuel tank. This war bird is a must fly! What the Pro says ! Just to clear up some confusion, and a lot of misinformation on the internet...CMP is not Willhobby, or FlyModel, or any other company. CMP is thier own company, and they have been around for while. I have built a few of their planes, and found the quality to be quite exceptional, they are high-end stuff, and from a scale point of view, nobody else comes close. The P-40, from a scale aspect, blows away the Hangar 9 and everybody else's P-40. The paint job is dead flat and perfect, and there are a ton of factory-installed water transfer decals, a beautiful glass belly tank, strut covers, prepainted canopy frame, lots of nice stuff. All the hardware is exceptional, too, with a fiberglass pushrod for the elevator, and a pull-pull system for the rudder. You need to be careful flying it, though. It has no washout, it's not light, and it will tip stall if you pull too hard or get too slow. The big problem, though, is that the CG in the manual is actually for the much larger 71" one, and will leave you very tailheavy if you don't correct it to about 85mm from the LE. It's really, really important. If you fly off grass, you will have really hard time finding rotating retracts that will hold up. Seriously consider fixed gear like I used. I flew mine with a Saito 62, fit perfectly and was plenty of power. Let's here some other comments, this is a beautiful plane.. For more reviews and comments on other NitroPlanes.com products by rc enthusiasts, click here . *RETRACT NOTE* The retract bays are built into the wing from the factory, so the retracts will drop right in. Wing Span: 53.5" Weight: 5.64lb Length: 46" Wing Loading: 26.97oz./sq.ft. Wing Area: 480sq.in Engine 2c 40~46, 4c 52~63 Radio 4~5 Channel 5~6 Servos   The kit box is nice packed, with all the major parts well packed in a light foam wrap and clear plastic bags. All wood rib wing, nicely covered, rivets decals already applied, ailerons hinged and installed. Horizontal, elevators and rudder also all wood, air foiled surfaces, hinged and ready. Fuselage is very detailed with panel lines molded in, glass work is outstanding. Tiger mouth decal, dashboard decal and many others perfectly applied. Drop tank included and assembled.  Slots in the interior cardboard held all items tightly in place, so it will produce no damage from shipping.  Included with the kit are fuel tanks, engine mounts, wheels, hardware, pushrods, clear pla

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Follicular Transportation (part 1)

INTRODUCTION

Follicular Transplantation is the logical end point of over 30 years of evolution in hair restoration surgery beginning with the traditional large plugs and 
culminating in the movement of one, two and three hair units, which mirror the way hair grows in nature. The key to follicular transplantation is to identify 
the patient?s natural hair groupings, dissect the follicular units from the surrounding skin, and place these units in the recipient site in a density and 
distribution appropriate for a mature individual. The critical elements of follicular transplantation are an accurate estimation of the donor supply of hair, 
meticulous dissection of the follicular units, careful design of the recipient area to maximize the cosmetic impact of the hair transplant, the use of large 
numbers of implants in fewer rather than more sessions, a long-term master plan that accounts for the progression of the male pattern alopecia, and realistic 
expectations on the part of the patient.

FOLLICULAR UNITS

The concept of follicular transplantation is based upon the observation that, in general, hair does not grow singly, but with the exception of the hairline, 
emerges from the scalp in groups called follicular units. Histologically, these units are comprised of 1 to 4 terminal and 1 to 2 vellus hairs that form a 
distinct group bounded by a circumferential band of adventitial collagen, the perifolliculum1. Two or three hairs within this group will often merge into a 
common canal and protrude through a single follicular orifice (Figure 1a). The merging of the shafts usually takes place in the infra-infundibulum of the 
hair follicle. Variations can be seen where the shafts share some anatomic structures with their neighbors exiting through individual but adjacent pores. The 
importance is not the anatomic merging of the unit but the fact that the distance between the follicular groups exceeds the width of the follicular unit 
itself (Figure 1b). If these follicular units are ignored in dissection, then more skin will be transplanted than hair and significantly more skin will be 
moved than needed. If these groups are recognized, the implant can be "follicular" and the anatomic proximity of the hairs within each unit can be used to 
the surgeon?s advantage.

The advantages of using follicular implants in contrast to traditional grafts include:
- surgical wound size at the recipient site is minimized
- skin surface deformity is eliminated
- distortion due to fibrosis associated with healing is reduced
- natural scalp contour is preserved
- oxygen diffusion to implants is maximized
- interruption of blood supply is minimized
- post-op recovery time is reduced
- hair units may be placed extremely close together
- extensive numbers of implants may be moved per session
- hair may be distributed in a natural pattern
- great flexibility in recipient site design

NATURAL HAIR GROUPINGS

The observation of over 1,200 patients using the densitometer2 reveals that in the donor area the great majority of one?s terminal hair grows in "natural 
hair groupings" of two, three, four, and rarely five or more hairs. These natural hair groupings are the clinical correlate of the follicular unit and have a 
density of approximately 10 units per 10mm2 field, supporting the view of Headington1 that the absolute number of follicular units per unit area in man 
appears to be relatively constant and is around one per mm2 . The donor density (hair shafts per mm2 ), however, is quite variable and can range anywhere 
from 1 to 4 hairs per mm2. The number of hair shafts in each follicular unit varies for each individual and is related to the patient?s average donor 
density. Thus, in a patient with a high density (Figure 2a), there would be a higher proportion of groups having 3 and 4 hairs per follicular unit, but the 
number of follicular units per mm2 would still be around one. In a person with low density (Figure 2b), the predominant hair groupings might be of one and 
two. The presence of many hairs occurring singly is, therefore, the exception rather than the rule. To state it another way, an individual with high density 
does not have hair groupings closer together but has hair groupings with normal spacing between them. Each group, however, contains a greater than average 
number of hairs. Similarly, in a patient with low density, the spacing is not greater, only the hair groupings are smaller. As a patient ages, hairs randomly 
begin to miniaturize in each group so that each group will contain a combination of full terminal hairs, partially miniaturized terminal hairs, and vellus 
hairs (which are clinically insignificant) . Eventually, the miniaturized hairs are lost, and the natural hair groupings are reduced in number. In all adult 
patients, the donor area contains both terminal and miniaturized hair, indicating that this zone is not truly permanent but will thin gradually over time. It 
is not until the total hair density in the donor area falls below 1.5mm2 that some follicular units completely disappear, and the follicular density is seen 
to decrease.

In a person susceptible to androgenetic alopecia, the balding area thins in a way somewhat analogous to the donor area, i.e. miniaturized hairs gradually 
replace terminal hair, and the hair groupings initially decrease in size rather than in number. The major difference is that in the balding area, 
miniaturized hairs can populate entire hair grouping as the baldness progresses and can be so fine as to be indistinguishable from vellus hairs, whereas in 
the donor area there generally remain three rather distinct populations of hairs; terminal, miniaturized, and vellus. In some patients experiencing the early 
stages of what will eventuate in extensive balding (i.e., Norwood Class 6), where there is still some very light wispy coverage, the recipient density in 
these areas is surprisingly normal (i.e., close to the patient?s donor density). However, all the hairs in each follicular unit are extensively miniaturized. 
This underscores the fact that it is not only the absolute number of hairs but their diameter and character that contribute to clinical appearance of 
fullness. In the balding area, it is only after the alopecia becomes extensive and the follicular units are comprised of only one or two miniaturized hairs 
each, that the actual follicular units begin to disappear from the bald area.

The importance of understanding the concept of hair groupings and their age-related changes is that in order to have a natural looking hair transplant, hair 
placed in the recipient site should approximate that which would have been present there naturally had the individual not balded. Since the natural hair 
groupings in the donor area correspond to the original hair groupings in the recipient area before they were impacted by androgenic hormones, they reveal the 
appropriate way that this area should be restored. For example, in transplanting a 45 year old Norwood Class 6 with an average donor density of 2.2 
hairs/mm2, one might try to restore the front and top of his scalp, leaving significant bitemporal recession and the crown bare. The distribution of natural 
hair groupings in this case might be 20% 1?s, 45% 2?s, 30% 3?s, and 5% 4?s. Therefore, attempting to place predominately 5 or 6 hair groups in this area 
would be destined to look unnatural. Similarly, all 1?s and 2?s in this situation would look too thin. In all situations, of course, the frontal hairline 
would be composed of single hair units. In the vast majority of restoration procedures, it would be appropriate to attempt to match these groupings, as they 
occur in nature, to produce an aesthetically balanced appearance.

WOUND HEALING

There are four related benefits to recipient site wound healing when follicular implants are used exclusively. These are minimizing the recipient site 
surgical wound size, eliminating skin surface deformity, decreasing the dermal fibroplasia associated with healing, and avoiding pigment alteration.

By limiting the implant to the follicular elements of the skin, the recipient site wound can be just slightly larger than the follicular unit itself so that 
the unit sits snugly in it. Because the follicular units are so compact, one and small two hair units have essentially the same footprint and can be placed 
in the same size site; and two, three, and four hair units have the same footprint and can be placed in the same size site. When the stretched slit contracts 
around the inserted follicular unit, the snug fit minimizes the space for a coagulum to form and reduces the distance for re-epithialization. In this 
situation, the fibrin "glue" will be maximally effective in securing the implant, exudate and crust formation will be reduced, and the healing time will be 
shortened. We instruct all patients to shampoo the day following their surgery, letting low pressure water flow over the transplanted area. This irrigation 
will allow the majority of patients to be free of crusting within 24 hours, requiring no dressings on the recipient area. We have found that by eliminating 
the crusting in one day, the surrounding erythema fades much more quickly. Within several days, most patients have faint erythema and the stubble of hair as 
the only clue to their hair restoration procedure.

Hair from the back and sides of the scalp grows at an angle of approximately 30 degrees. When larger grafts (which are essentially cylinders of skin and 
hair) are harvested, the epithelium creates an acute angle at its superior edge and an obtuse angle on the inferior edge. When the grafts are inserted into 
the recipient site, they must be placed at an angle that matches the angle of the original hair which vary from approximately 30 to 60 degrees. Because of 
this angle, mechanical forces which act on the graft immediately after placement and throughout healing, interrupt the edge-to-edge alignment of the graft 
with the surrounding skin causing either settling or elevation of the graft, or both. As each graft is distorted ever so slightly, the composite effect of 
many such grafts produces the surface irregularity (cobble stoning) of the traditional hair transplant. This surface irregularity becomes clinically more 
apparent as graft sizes increase and as the sites are made with punches rather than slits. This whole phenomena is simply avoided when the implants are 
devoid of unnecessary skin.

Slit grafting prevents cobblestoning but often produces a dimpling or puckering at the site of the emergence of the hairs by the down growth of the epidermis 
alongside the graft. Although follicular units are technically placed into "slits", by reducing the perifollicular epithelium in the follicular implantation, 
the site required is so small (1mm) and the follicular unit so compact that this deformity does not occur.

The fibrosis that results from the healing of larger wounds causes an additional problem. Just as angulation
causes surface irregularities, it also produces a distortion of the dermis that may not be readily apparent clinically. The significance of this is that 
grafts placed parallel do not always end up having their hair parallel under the skin surface when dermal reorganization is complete. This distortion impedes 
the close placement of future grafts due to the risk of damaging existing ones (even if the original angle could be exactly reproduced). This distortion of 
the hair shaft produced by fibrosis is easily observed each time hair is harvested and dissected from the tissue next to a previously excised donor area. 
Incidentally, one of the difficulties in repairing unsightly plugs by the obviously simple method of decreasing the density of the plugs with electrolysis is 
that the distortion of the fibrosis impedes the introduction of the electrolysis needle. The dermal changes produced by successive procedures and the 
difficulty in reproducing angulation are among the most compelling reasons to densely pack a given area the first time rather than to repeatedly violate a 
transplanted area with multiple sessions.

Another casualty of the movement of larger grafts is the melanocyte. Repigmentation after loss or disruption of the epidermis occurs by two mechanisms; 
migration of melanocytes from adjacent normal epidermis and migration from the follicular appendages. The presence of focal hypopigmentation at the base of 
larger grafts is due to the arrest of melanocyte migration into the area and attests to the fact that the grafts have produced scar tissue that has damaged 
both epithelial elements. The hypopigmentation at the base of the grafts often serves to accentuate any apparent plugginess by highlighting the resultant 
physical deformity with an additional contrast... that of color. Fortunately, hypopigmentation is less common with very small grafts and has not been 
observed in follicular transplantation.

CONTOUR AND VOLUMETRIC CHANGES

One of the rarely discussed but very significant cosmetic problems of grafts is the extra volume of tissue introduced into the recipient site. This extra 
tissue produces a fullness and elevation of the transplanted scalp and a clinically apparent ridge separating it from the surrounding bald scalp. (This 
condition in which the elevated area is relatively soft must be differentiated from the "hyperfibrotic changes" in the recipient area described by Stough3, 
which is a proliferative process and produces an area that is indurated.) The reason for this phenomena is that balding is not merely the absence of hair. It 
is an atrophic process with absence or marked diminution of entire pilosebaecous units and their associated vascularity and connective tissue support. These 
appendages contribute substantial volume to the normal scalp. The solution most commonly used to solve the problem of adding additional tissue to the 
recipient area is to cut some of the recipient area away, i.e. punch it out. Unfortunately, intact donor scalp is not the perfect match when transplanted 
into the bald recipient area, since it is significantly richer in each of these elements. Thus, removing skin in the recipient site is a futile attempt at 
compensating for the increased volume of the larger grafts, since the donor graft is much thicker than the atrophic recipient skin which it replaces. The 
better solution is not to transplant the intact skin in the first place, but to add only the follicular element which had been lost.

BLOOD SUPPLY AND OXYGENATION

In a "virgin scalp", the blood supply to the recipient area is unimpeded. Each graft placed in the recipient site induces local fibrosis that interferes with 
normal blood flow, and every punch, large slit or ultra-pulsed laser site, has the chance to transect or seal off viable blood vessels. In subsequent 
procedures, the hair placed between existing grafts are implanted into scar (even though it may be microscopic) and receive the diminished flow associated 
with it. In follicular transplantation, the recipient site is created with a "needle like" knife that produces a minimal amount of trauma. A blood vessel 
that might be pierced would immediately re-seal analogous to the way a vessel heals after venipuncture. When the single hair graft is then placed into the 
site, the graft itself is soft and causes no additional trauma to the vessel. If it were true that a diminished blood supply would fail to support uniform 
graft take, then asymmetry, gaps, or areas of variable density would result from this technique and be magnified in areas of very close placement "dense 
packing" of grafts. However, this is not observed in spite of the fact that follicular dense packing techniques are used predominantly in the frontal 
hairline where any problem would be most obvious.

Since oxygen reaches the follicle by simple diffusion, oxygenation is a function of tissue mass. The larger the transplanted unit, the greater the risk that 
the center of the graft is impacted by the deprivation of oxygen. In contrast, the barrier to oxygen transport is at a physiologic minimum with the 
follicular implant. In this respect, the follicular implant should have enhanced survival and the phenomena of "doughnuting" seen with larger grafts can be 
avoided. In addition, since the follicular unit sits snugly in the recipient site, there is a minimum amount of coagulum impeding diffusion from the dermal 
blood supply to the edge of the graft.

TRANSPLANTATION IN EXTENSIVE QUANTITIES

Once the question of implant size is resolved, the corollary issue is the necessity of transplanting extensive quantities of these implants in a single or 
very limited number of sessions, given its medical feasibility. A simplistic answer is that when graft size decreases, the number of grafts must increase to 
yield the same amount of hair, which of course is true. However, there are a host of more compelling reasons to perform transplants in large sessions.

Putting aside anatomic, physiologic and technical issues for the moment, it is important to emphasize the social and practical reasons to strive toward large 
sessions. The majority of patients who seek hair restoration surgery feel that their balding interferes with their life either socially, professionally, or 
both.
Until the hair restoration surgery reaches a point where there is acceptable cosmetic improvement, the patient will be focusing more on his hair loss than he 
did before. Multiple, small procedures spaced out over an extended period of time keeps the patient focused on the very problem he wanted to correct. During 
this period, his self-consciousness worsens and disappointment begins when he realizes that limited procedures fall short of his expectations. Even in the 
emotionally secure individual, the disruptions in daily life from the scheduling of multiple surgeries, the resultant limitations in activity, and the 
concern about their discovery can cause undue stress. In addition, post-operative numbness and paresthesias in the posterior scalp are constant reminders of 
the operation.

Multiple, partial procedures produce short-term cosmetic problems. The planning of rows of grafts that must be filled in at a later time to look normal or to 
be camouflaged by subsequent rows of micrografts is certainly not appreciated by the patient seeking cosmetic improvement. Flaps, multiple-staged scalp 
reductions, and those requiring tissue expansion certainly fit into this category as well. often the cosmetic appearance of the work is only acceptable 
because the patient?s own hair camouflages it. Patients undergoing multiple procedures in such a cosmetically visible area as the scalp can be so discouraged 
that they give up on the process entirely. In fact, many do stop until their baldness progresses and their own hair becomes unsuccessful in camouflaging the 
surgery. They then re-enter the population of partially treated patients shifting from doctor to doctor seeking someone who will finish the procedure. There 
is an important distinction between a person in the early stages of balding, undergoing a hair transplant, who has been well-informed that future procedures 
will be required as he balds further and a patient who begins hair restoration unaware that during an extended surgical process his appearance may be totally 
unacceptable to him and that he may never reach his goal.

With respect to medical feasibility, follicular transplantation is qualitatively, as well as quantitatively, different from traditional grafting; therefore, 
the mere extrapolation from the older techniques will not allow one to predict the outcome of the newer procedure. The physiologic limitations to 
transplanting large numbers of traditional grafts, such as the impediment of blood flow and interference with oxygenation as discussed above, clearly do not 
apply when dealing with the movement of small follicular implants. Experience has shown that up to 3600 or more follicular units may be moved safely in one 
session with the main limitation being the donor supply rather than the physiology of the recipient area.

The surgical issues favoring large sessions are significant. Virgin scalp has normal collagen and normal blood flow. If possible, one should transplant the 
total number of required grafts in the first session to take advantage of this environment. Successive implantation into a previously treated area is always 
hindered by the angle of the existing grafts, distortion due to fibrosis, and altered vascularity. Although follicular implantation can minimize these 
factors, it certainly cannot reduce them to zero. In addition, the spacing, orientation, and distribution of the implants can be planned in an unrestricted 
fashion without these parameters being controlled by their relationship to existing grafts.

In virgin scalp, the dermis retains its normal distensibility, therefore, implants can be placed closer together with less tendency for "popping" of adjacent 
units. During the post-op period, the implants will be less likely to elevate or settle as healthy collagen and elastic fibers grasp the transplanted units 
firmly and add to the glue-like properties of the coagulum in securing the implants.

Hair transplantation often produces varying degrees of telogen effluvium in the recipient area. This hair loss can be substantial in the young patient who is 
rapidly balding and whose recipient area is characterized by a high degree of miniaturization. often this lost hair does not return. Unless a significant 
amount of hair is transplanted in these individuals, the gain from the surgery may not even be adequate to compensate for the loss due to the telogen 
effluvium.

Large sessions also offer an advantage over multiple small sessions in the donor area. Each time grafts are harvested from the donor area, there is loss of 
potential donor hair due to destruction of hair adjacent to the wound edges from the fibrosis associated with primary intention closures. In addition, the 
hair follicles adjacent to the healed suture line are often distorted and more difficult to harvest on subsequent procedures causing an increased number of 
hairs to be transected . Minimizing the number of times the donor area is accessed will obviously minimize the distortion and wastage due to the closure.

REFERENCES

1. Headington JT: Transverse Microscopic Anatomy of the Human Scalp. Arch Dermatol 1984; 120:450.

2. Rassman WR, Pomerantz MA: The Art and Science of Minigrafting. International Journal of Aesthetic and Restorative Surgery 1993; 1:28-29.

3. Stough, DB: International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery, Third Annual Meeting 1995; Verbal Communication.

4. Haas AF, Grekin RC: Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Dermatologic Surgery. JAAD 1995; 32:155-164.

5. Salasche SJ, Bernstein G, Senkarik M. Surgical Anatomy of the Skin. Norwalk, Connecticut: Appleton and Lange, 1988 pp 176-177.

6. Rassman WR, Carson S: Micrografting in Extensive Quantities, The Ideal Hair Restoration Procedure. Dermatologic Surgery 1995; 21:306-311

7. Larson PO: Topical Hemostatic Agents for Dermatologic Surgery. J Dermatolgic Surg. Oncol. 14:6 1988.

8. Marritt E, Dzubow L: The Isolated Frontal Forelock. Dermatologic Surgery 1995;21523-538.

9. Transplant Videografting System of the Professional Hair Institute; displayed at the International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery, Third Annual 
Meeting 1995.

About the Author

Dr. Bernstein is Clinical Professor of Dermatology at the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University in New York. He is recognized world wide
for pioneering Follicular Unit Hair Transplantation. Dr. Bernstein’s hair restoration center in Manhattan is devoted to the treatment of hair loss using his
state-of-the-art hair transplant techniques.