Diode Pumped Dpss

How exactly does a DPSS 473nm blue laser work?

I'm looking for a fairly detailed answer. I haven't really found anything useful on google except for ads selling them (for very high prices).
I know that 532nm green DPSS lasers basically have an 808nm IR diode that pumps a solid state Nd:YAG crystal to produce 1.064um IR lasing, which is then frequency doubled in a second harmonic crystal and hence produces 532nm green light. That's the sort of detail I'm looking for (preferably with types of crystal) for 473nm blue lasing action! Thanks!
Perfect answer thanks!

This comes from Sam's Laser FAQ - Solid State Lasers page

http://members.misty.com/don/laserssl.htm#ssldps0

Hope it is of some help!

What is the Difference Between Green and Blue DPSSFD Lasers?
(From: Bob.)
Well, a little, and a lot, depending on how you look at it. Green lasers are doubling the 1064 nm transition of Nd:YAG or Nd:YVO4, or some other similar host medium. The 946 nm line is what is being doubled in blue lasers, and 473 nm light is the result. Often, the choice for a Non-Linear Optical (NLO) crystal is different for the two lines. KTP is the crystal of choice normally for green, and LBO for blue. Also, the 946 nm line has a much smaller cross section for emission. This means lower efficiency and the 1064 line and even the weak 1319 nm line will try to compete with it, stealing energy. On top of that, the 946 line is self absorbing making the device a lot trickier to generate (like ruby, this is a case where the laser medium is actually somewhat opaque to the frequency of light the laser is trying to operate at, where as YAG is almost perfectly transparent at 1064 nm).

So, they start out with pretty much the same structure: High power laser diodes at 808 nm pump a Nd host which lases at 948 nm, and this is inter-cavity doubled. But upon closer examination there are a lot of differences between the mechanisms operating in each laser.

For some of the reasons mentioned above, the brightest commercial source for 473 nm light that I know of is limited to 400 mW, where as you can get a 10 W CW, or higher 532 nm DPSSFD laser with a pulsed beam. (Actually at least 10 times this now. --- Sam.)

Note that to get any sort of efficiency (as these things go) at the 946 nm line requires cooling the YAG rod (but for certain other lines like 1319 nm, ambient temperature is fine). In fact, if you cool YAG enough there are many other lines that will lase, some that can be doubled to nice shades of yellow and orange.

(From: Jo.)

The doubling crystal is KNBO3 (KN). Temperature stabilization is a big problem for blue DPSS laser. We use modules where YAG and KN are bonded together. The modules are coated ready to use. With TE-control on both the crystal module and laser diode, a very stable beam is possible at about 5 to 15 mW. I think there will be better materials and components next year. Many companies (we too) are working at developing blue lasers.

You can try a KTP-crystal. For extra cavity doubling, output power will maybe not be very high. Better to use the KN crystal. This will cost about $220 at Goldbridge, which is a manufacturer in China or Taiwan. I'ms also developing a range of blue and green lasers. Currently, I get 160 mW CW green when pumping a Nd:YVO4+KTP using 1.5 W of pump power at 808 nm. At the moment I'ms working at temperature control for better stability.

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DPSS diode pumped YAG 20W Laser Graviergerät / Engraver

Why Blue Laser Pointers are Much More Expensive Than Green Laser Pointers

One of the most obvious differences between a blue laser pointer and a green laser pointer is price. A 10 mW blue laser pointer cost $700 compared to the price of the equivalent 15mW green laser pointer that cost $100.

It is not just blue laser pointers that are more expensive. Blue laser modules, OEM lasers and lab lasers are also much more expensive than their green counterparts. The reason for such a large price differences are the processes used to generate the laser beam, the components used that the manufacturing volumes.

Beam generation process

Both blue and green laser pointers use a pump diode that gives out infrared 808nm light that is used to pump the same type of crystals. The pumped crystals in turn give out light in the far infrared spectrum. The difference between blue and green lasers is the optical coatings on the pumped crystals and the type of far infrared light produced by these crystals.

The pumped crystals in a green laser pointer have an optical coating that causes the crystals to give out mostly 1064nm infrared light that is frequency doubled by another crystal to green 532nm light. The pumped crystals in a blue laser pointer have a different coating that causes the crystals to give out mostly 946nm infrared light that is also frequency doubled by another crystal to 473nm light.

The components

The process of producing 1064nm light is much more efficient than making 946nm light so blue laser pointers need a large pump diode to produce the same power. The larger pump diode makes blue laser pointers more expensive. The frequency doubling crystals in blue laser pointers are rarer and more expensive than those in green laser pointers.

Manufacturing volumes

Green laser pointers have better visibility than blue laser pointers and have less temperature problems at higher power levels. This means that green lasers are used for a larger number of diverse applications such as astronomy, pointing, burning and signaling and are manufactured in very high volumes. Blue laser pointers on the other hand are much more limited in their application and are manufactured in much lower volumes. Like any product, the lower the volume produced, the more expensive the product is.

Article is courtesy of Dragonlasers - No 1 lasers, laser pointer and green laser online store

About the Author

Frank is from Dragonlasers at http://www.dragonlasers.com